They provide writers with a clear method in directing the reader to further information on the research topic and additional citations. The information in the text body is marked with a superscript number 1 (raised number), and the corresponding source citation and note is at the bottom (or the foot) of the page the superscript appears on.īoth footnotes and endnotes are common writing tool features implemented when using various citation styles. Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:Ī footnote is a type of in-text citation. Your instructor may also ask you to create an annotated bibliography where you also include a short paragraph summarizing and evaluating each source along with its full reference. No matter which of these types of in-text citations you use, you will need to include a works cited list or bibliography at the end of your paper that includes the full references for your sources. Three of the terms that sometimes get mixed up are footnotes, endnotes, and parenthetical citations. Footnote numbers should not follow dashes ( - ), and if they appear in a sentence in parentheses, the footnote number should be inserted within the parentheses.There is a lot of terminology when it comes to citations and giving proper credit to sources. When using either type of footnote, insert a number formatted in superscript following almost any punctuation mark. However, if explanatory notes still prove necessary to your document, APA details the use of two types of footnotes: content and copyright. The equivalent APA 7 page can be found here.ĪPA does not recommend the use of footnotes and endnotes because they are often expensive for publishers to reproduce. It will remain online until 2021, but will not be updated. Note: This page reflects APA 6, which is now out of date. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6 th ed., 2 nd printing). This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. APA Formatting and Style Guide (6th Edition)ĪPA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences.

Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.

Footnote vs endnote word